Beliefs About Infectious Diseases a Hundred Years Ago

17-year-old Helena Muffly wrote exactly 100 years ago today: 

Sunday, December 15, 1912: Went to Sunday School this afternoon. Jimmie also has the pink eye and says I gave it to him. He was real mad for a time.

Recent photo of the house the Muffly's lived in.
Recent photo of the Muffly’s house.

Her middle-aged granddaughter’s comments 100 years later:

Poor Jimmie—pink eye is no fun.

Of course, Grandma’s seven-year-old brother is right—he probably caught the pink eye from Grandma . She wrote that she had pink eye on December 10—and that it was getting better on December 12.

Did the Muffly’s try to prevent the spread of pink eye?

Here’s what I found in a hundred-year-old book called Personal  Hygiene and Physical Training for Women  about how to avoid infections (though it focuses on  influenza rather than pink eye).

We have already seen that bacilli are not only the cause of acute infections, but also of chronic bronchitis, and that this was especially  true of the bacillus of influenza and the pneumococcus of pneumonia.

It is well know that influenza is an infectious disease, which rapidly spreads through the family and the community., but it is not so well-known that the so-called “common colds,” ordinary sore throat, and tonsillitis are also highly contagious. The infection is carried from one person to another by direct contagion; the air is being constantly sprayed with the germs of disease in talking, laughing, sneezing, and coughing. In coughing and sneezing it is not sufficient to hold the hand before the moth—a handkerchief must be used for this purpose.

Old-fashioned Tatted Hankderchief Pictures

17-year-old Helena Muffly wrote exactly 100 years ago today: 

Saturday, December 14, 1912:  Made some handkerchiefs this afternoon. Of course they weren’t very fancy ones, but good enough for me.

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Source: Ladies Home Journal (December, 1912)

Her middle-aged granddaughter’s comments 100 years later:

Was Grandma making the handkerchiefs for herself –she might have needed them since she’s had colds for much of the Fall—or as gifts for someone else?

In the old days people made lovely handkerchiefs. Some had tatted or crocheted borders . . others beautiful embroidery.

(An aside—Does anyone know how to tat anymore?  It is so delicate and beautiful.)

Grandma said the handkerchiefs weren’t very fancy. Were they actually plain or did she just think that she wasn’t very talented at making handkerchiefs.

From one yard of handkerchief linen six squares may be cut and trimmed.

Ladies Home Journal (December, 1912)

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Girl’s Club December Activities

17-year-old Helena Muffly wrote exactly 100 years ago today: 

Friday, December 13, 1912:  Our Literary Society met today. I didn’t take part this time. The kids got their parts off pretty good. Don’t have to go back to school again for two weeks. I’m so glad.

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Building that once housed McEwensville School.

Her middle-aged granddaughter’s comments 100 years later:

Wow, they had a long school break for the holidays a hundred years ago.

Grandma really enjoyed being a member of the Literary Society at her school. Across the last few months I’ve struggled to figure out exactly what the Literary Society did. At first I thought it was a book club—but more recent diary entries, including this one, suggest that they put on some sort of program.

I think that maybe I’ve figured it out. I found an article in the December 1912 issue of Ladies Home Journal called “The Rural School at Christmas.” It discusses how the rural school is often the center of social activities during the holiday and contained several suggestions.

One suggestion described activities a girl’s club could do. I think that the girl’s club described in the magazine sounds very similar to the Literary Society at McEwensville  High School.

A Club for Girls

During the Christmas month this club looks up all of the literature and music bearing on Christmas. Christmas stories are told and Christmas songs and hymns practiced.

 Ladies Home Journal (December, 1912)

Items in Medicine Cabinets a Hundred Years Ago

17-year-old Helena Muffly wrote exactly 100 years ago today: 

 Thursday, December 12, 1912:  My eyes are getting better, but everything looks misty to me now. Expect tomorrow to be a busy day for me.

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Her middle-aged granddaughter’s comments 100 years later:

Grandma—I’m glad that you’re finally getting over the pink eye. Stay healthy!!

As many ailments as the Muffly’s have had, I hope that they had a well-stock medicine cabinet.

I found a hundred –year-old list of what should be in a family medicine cabinet (or as they called them back then “medicine closet.”) The list was in the appendix of a book called The Care of the Baby.

List of Articles for Medicine Closet

Those liquids marked with an * are for external use or are dangerous. They should be in poison bottles.

  • Glass graduate marked with fluidrachms and fluid-ounces
  • Minium glass
  • Accurate droppereye.dropper.a
  • Hard-rubber syringe
  • Small druggist’s hand scales for weighing medicines
  • Camel’s-hair brushes
  • Small straight dressing forceps
  • A pair of scissors
  • Absorbent cotton
  • Several one-inch and two-inch roller bandages, one to three yards long
  • Patent lint
  • Old linen
  • A spool of rubber adhesive plaster
  • Court plaster
  • Paraffin paper or oil silk
  • *Alcohol
  • Whiskey
  • Olive Oil
  • Ammonia-water
  • *Turpentine
  • Glycerin
  • Distilled fluid extract of hamamelis (witch-hazel) for bruises
  • *Soap liniment for sprains
  • *Tincture of iodine
  • *Solution of boric acid for washing cuts
  • *Solution permanganate of potash, 4 grains to the dram
  • Flaxseed meal
  • Mustard
  • Magnesia
  • Vaseline
  • Castor oil
  • Zinc ointment
  • Soda-mint
  • Baking soda
  • Sweet spirit of nitre
  • Aromatic spirits of ammonia
  • Bromide of potash in 2o-grain powders to be divided according to the age
  • *Tincture of digitalis
  • Syrup of ipecacuauha
  • Tannic acid for use in poisoning
  • Epsom salts for poisoning
  • Vinegar for poisoning
  • Jeaunel’s antidote for poisoning

What the heck are most of these items? . . and how do you use them to treat illnesses and wounds?minim.glass.a

Old-fashioned Mistletoe and Candy Kiss Decoration

17-year-old Helena Muffly wrote exactly 100 years ago today: 

Wednesday, December 11, 1912:  Miss Wesner was down to stay overnight, and go home tomorrow morning.

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Source: Ladies Home Journal (December, 1912)

Her middle-aged granddaughter’s comments 100 years later:

Helen (Tweet) Wesner was a friend of Grandma and her sister Ruth. Was it really a good idea for Tweet to visit?  The previous day , Grandma wrote in her diary that she had pink eye.

Setting health issues aside—

What did the girls do? Maybe they were hoping for a holiday romance and made a mistletoe and candy kiss decoration to hang in a doorway. It was featured in the December, 1912 issue of Ladies Home Journal.

Mistletoe is the classic symbol of Christmas romances—and anyone who stands under the mistletoe is supposed to get kissed.

Here are the directions in the magazine:

Candy kisses for all under the mistletoe bough. Wrap the kisses separately  in paraffin and tissue paper, and then tie them in clusters with ribbon.

A hundred years ago candy kisses could refer to any small candy–though .Hershey’s kisses have been around since 1907.

Paraffin and tissue paper is an old term for waxed paper. Based on the picture, it looks like it night have been available in several colors back then.

Pink Eye

17-year-old Helena Muffly wrote exactly 100 years ago today: 

Tuesday, December 10, 1912:  I’ve got the pink eye now. It’s in both eyes. I look a good bit like a fright. Can’t see very well at present. Oh dear, I wonder when I’ll get over my terrible diseases.

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Eye bath

Her middle-aged granddaughter’s comments 100 years later:

Good grief!  PINK EYE!  Grandma was sick so much during Fall, 1912—and I was really hoping she was getting over the cold that she’s complained about on and off ever since November 28. Now this . .

Here’s a remedy for sore eyes in a hundred –year-old book called The Compendium of Everyday Wants:

The following is a soothing lotion to be applied with an eye bath several times a day. One grain borax, one ounce camphor water.

Spanish Needles–A Pesky Plant or a Home Remedy?

17-year-old Helena Muffly wrote exactly 100 years ago today: 

Monday, December 9, 1912: Get in the Spanish Needles and had to pick them off of my clothes.

Source: Wikipedia
Source: Wikipedia

Her middle-aged granddaughter’s comments 100 years later:

Spanish Needles are so annoying—

I have often gotten Spanish Needles on my clothes, but  when I read this diary entry  I couldn’t picture what the plants looked like . I never seem to notice the pesky plant until after tiny barbs are embedded in my cloths.

I googled Spanish Needle and discovered that it is part of the Astor family. There are several different closely related plants that are called Spanish Needle. Some have yellow flowers. . others have white flowers.

Spanish Needles (Source: Wikipedia)
Spanish Needles (Source: Wikipedia)

Grandma probably was just distracted and bumped against the Spanish Needle plants, but there’s a slim possibility that she was trying to gather Spanish Needle leaves (Are the leaves still on the plants in December?) to make tea and got the needles on her clothes.

For the past week or so, Grandma’s been sick with a bad cold and sore throat—and Spanish Needles are an old-fashioned remedy.

Its leaves are chewed for sore throat or boiled to make a tea that is said to help with upper-respiratory infections.

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