What’s the Difference Between a Recitation and a Dialogue?

17-year-old Helena Muffly wrote exactly 100 years ago today: 

Sunday, January 11, 1913: Went to Sunday School this afternoon. Started to learn a recitation this evening and I think I know it now.

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Click on diary entry to enlarge.

Her middle-aged granddaughter’s comments 100 years later:

When I read this diary entry, I realized that I didn’t know the difference between dialogue and recitation.

Few words mean exactly the same thing.  Most synonyms have nuanced differences in meaning.

Previous diary entries mentioned pieces Grandma memorized for Literary Society presentations at her high school. For example, on January 6, she wrote that she copied off part of a dialogue to memorize. My post that day included a poem called The Old Clock on the Stairs by Longfellow as an example of a dialogue.

I now realize that the poem may not have been an example of a dialogue, but rather an example of a recitation.  A dialogue requires more than one presenter.

Here are the definitions for recitation and dialogue in the Free Dictionary:

Recitation—1(a). The act of reciting memorized materials in a public performance. (b) The material so presented. 2. (a) Oral delivery of prepared lessons by a pupil. (b) The class period within which this delivery occurs.

Dialogue—1. A conversation between two or more people. 2(a) Conversation between characters in a drama or narrative. (b) The lines or passages in a scrip that are intended to be spoken. 3. A literary work written in the form of a conversation. 4. Music A composition or passage for two or more parts, suggestive of conversational interplay. 5. An exchange of ideas or opinions.

Based on these definitions I now think a dialogue is a type of recitation—but a recitation is not always a dialogue.

1913 Silent Film: The Pickwick Papers

17-year-old Helena Muffly wrote exactly 100 years ago today: 

Saturday, January 11, 1913:  Went to Watsontown this afternoon. Went into the movies.

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Recent photo of the vacant Watson Theater in Watsontown

Her middle-aged granddaughter’s comments 100 years later:

What a fun way to spend a winter afternoon! The films would have been silent ones—probably with live melodramatic piano music.

Maybe she watched The Pickwick Papers. A short silent version of this movie was first screened in 1913. Click here to see it on YouTube.

This is the first time that Grandma mentioned going to the movies in Watsontown.—though she previously mentioned attending movies in somewhat more distant Milton. Maybe the theater in Watsontown had just opened.

A movie theater in Watsontown called the Watson Theater closed a few years ago. I thought it might have been the theater that Grandma went to, so I googled it. I discovered that the theater that Grandma went to was probably called the Lyceum Theatre and that it burned down in 1934. According to Cinema Treasures:

Opened on May 30, 1940, the Watson Theatre was built to replace the Lyceum Theatre, which burned down 6 years before.

You might also enjoy a previous post about another silent film:

1912 Silent Film: The New York Hat

Old Tongue Twisters

17-year-old Helena Muffly wrote exactly 100 years ago today: 

Friday, January 10, 1913:  Our Literary Society met this afternoon. We got that old dialogue off, but some of us made mistakes.

DSC07010Recent photo of building that once housed the McEwensville Schools. In 1913, the primary school was on the first floor and the high school was on the second floor.

Her middle-aged granddaughter’s comments 100 years later:

Grandma was very active in the Literary Society at McEwensville High School. Two days prior to this entry she wrote that she had memorized her part of the dialogue.

What types of mistakes did they make?  Maybe Grandma (or others) forgot some of the lines.. . . or maybe some words weren’t pronounced clearly.

A very old book called Osgood’s American Sixth Reader gives some sentences that are difficult to articulate for students to practice:

1. The cat ran up the ladder with a lump of raw liver in her mouth.

2, Summer showers and soft sunshine, shed sweet influences on spreading shrubs and shooting seeds.

3. Henry Hignham has hung his harp on the hook where hitherto he hung his hope.

4. Whelply Whewell White was a whimsical, whining, whispering, whittling whistler.

5. Round the rough and rugged rocks the ragged rascals rudely ran.

These sentences remind me of when I was a child and used to try to say, “Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers” five times as fast as I could without making a mistake. . .

Visited Friends

17-year-old Helena Muffly wrote exactly 100 years ago today: 

Thursday, January 9, 1913: Ruth and I went up to Oakes’ this evening. Didn’t get my lessons out any too well for the morrow.

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Source: Wikipedia

Her middle-aged granddaughter’s comments 100 years later:

Grandma’s New Year’s resolution to study harder was apparently long forgotten .  .  .

I’m surprised that Grandma and her sister Ruth ventured out on a cold, dark (or maybe moonlit) winter evening to visit friends.

The Oakes lived on a nearby farm. Their daughter Rachel was a friend of Grandma and her sister Ruth. The Oakes also had several sons who were about the same age as the Muffly girls. In 1911, Ruth dated Jim Oakes—but that relationship seems to have ended about a year and a half prior to this diary entry

Found Report Card

17-year-old Helena Muffly wrote exactly 100 years ago today: 

Wednesday, January 8, 1913: Was so lucky to find my report just where I had put it. I feel very much relieved for I was rather worried. Have my part of the dialogue pretty well learned.

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Recent photo of house Grandma lived in when she was a teen.

Her middle-aged granddaughter’s comments 100 years later:

Where did Grandma find her report card?  The previous day she could not find the card, and was very worried about it.

Some things have not changed over the last hundred years. It’s always upsetting when something is lost—though it usually turns up sooner or later.

It’s funny how I usually find lost things where I put them. When this happens I feel annoyed with myself . . .

The Dialogue

Grandma was very involved in the Literary Society at her school and I think that she was memorizing part of a dialogue for an upcoming Literary Society meeting or program.

Lost Report Card

17-year-old Helena Muffly wrote exactly 100 years ago today: 

Tuesday, January 7, 1913:  This weather is simply dreadful. I’ve been hunting my report card this evening. Don’t know where in the world I put it.

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Did she look in her bureau drawers for it?

Her middle-aged granddaughter’s comments 100 years later:

How—or maybe the question is “Why”— did Grandma misplace her report card? Could she have misplaced it because she was unhappy with the grades—and was trying to delay showing it to her parents for as long as possible?

Grandma’s New Year’s resolution was to study harder in 1913—and her diary entries on January 2 and 3 indicated that she was studying very hard—but nothing has been mentioned about studying since then so maybe the resolution fell  by the wayside. . . or it was too late in the grading period to bring the grades up.

The Old Clock on the Stairs by Longfellow

17-year-old Helena Muffly wrote exactly 100 years ago today: 

Monday, January 6, 1913:  Copied off parts of a dialogue this evening. We are getting ready for our next meeting.

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Source: Osgood’s American Sixth Reader

Her middle-aged granddaughter’s comments 100 years later:

The meeting probably refers to the Literary Society at Grandma’s high school.

What dialogue did she copy?

I browsed through a very old book called Osgood’s American Sixth Reader. The book focused on elocution, and contained lots of poems and prose for students to memorize…. Shakespeare. . Chaucer. .. Dickens. . .

I found myself drawn to a poem by Longfellow (probably because it was one the few that contained an illustration that I could use in this post.  :))

The Old Clock on the Stairs

H. W. Longfellow

1. Somehwat back from the village street

Stands the old-fashion’d country-seat;

Across its antique portico,

Tall poplar-trees their shadows throw;

And from its station in the hall

An ancient time-piece says to all,

“Forever—never!

Never—forever!”

.

2. Half-way up the stairs it stands,

And points and beckons with its hands

From its case of massive oak.

Like a monk who under his cloak,

Crosses himself, and sighs, alas!

With sorrowful voice to all who pass,

“Forever—never!

Never—forever!”

.

3. By day its voice is low and light;

But in the silent dead of night,

Distinct as a passing footstep’s fall,

It echoes along the vacant hall,

Along the ceiling, along the floor,

And seems to say, at each chamber-door,

“Forever—never!

Never—forever!”

.

4.  Throughout days of sorrow and of mirth,

Through days of death and days of birth,

Through every swift vicissitude

Of changeful time, unchanged it stood,

And as if, like God, it all things saw,

It calmly repeats those words of awe:–

“Forever—never!

Never—forever!”

.

5.  In that mansions used to be

Free-hearted hospitality;

His great fires up the chimney roar’d,

The stranger feasted at his board;

But, like the skeleton at the feast,

That warning time-piece never ceased:–

“Forever—never!

Never—forever!”

.

6.  There groups of merry children play’d:

There youths and maidens, dreaming stray’d;

Oh, precious hours! Oh, golden prime,

And affluence of love and time!

Even as a miser counts his gold.

Those hours the ancient time-piece told:–

“Forever—never!

Never—forever!”

.

7.  From that chamber, clothed in white,

The bride came forth on her wedding night;

There, in that silent room below,

The dead lay in its shroud of snow;

And in the hush that follow’d the prayer

Was heard the old clock on the stair:–

“Forever—never!

Never—forever!”

.

8.  All are scatter’d now and fled:

Some are married; some are dead:

And when I ask, with throbs of pain,

“Ah! When shall they all meet again,

As in the days long since gone by?”

The ancient time-piece makes reply,–

“Forever—never!

Never—forever!”

.

9.  Never here, forever there,

Where all parting, pain, and care.

And death, and time, shall disappear!

Forever there, but never here!

The horologe of eternity

Sayeth this incessantly:–

“Forever—never!

Never—forever!”